Summaries of published research, how to read it, and where the limits of current evidence sit.
Incretin drugs produced some of the largest weight-loss results in trial history. Understanding what those trials measured — and what they did not — is the difference between literacy and enthusiasm.
A rat tendon is not a human tendon. The most common error in peptide discussion is treating an animal result as a human conclusion.
Every compound in the library carries a grade from A to E. Here is exactly what each grade means and how it is assigned.
Peptides encoded inside mitochondria are rewriting how researchers think about cellular energy — slowly, and in registered trials.
Approval for one indication says nothing about a second. Absence of approval says nothing about mechanism. Both errors are common.
Weight change is the headline. The trials that measured cardiovascular events and kidney progression are the more consequential literature — and they are read far less often.
Cognition is measured with tests that improve simply because you took them before. That single fact undermines most claims made about cognitive peptides.
In studies of energy, mood, recovery and libido, placebo arms routinely improve. Any claim built on an uncontrolled trial is uninterpretable.
A combination product inherits neither the evidence nor the safety profile of its components. Almost no multi-peptide blend has been studied as a blend in humans.