Cyclosporine
Also referenced as: Ciclosporin
A cyclic peptide immunosuppressant with distinct systemic and ophthalmic medicines.
- Evidence grade
- AStrong Clinical Evidence
Strong Clinical Evidence
- Regulatory status
- FDA Approved for Specific Indication
FDA-approved products have formulation-specific transplant, inflammatory-disease and ocular indications; this is not general immune optimization.
- Human data
- Yes
Registered clinical trials exist
- Last reviewed
- October 27, 2026
Overview
A cyclic peptide immunosuppressant with distinct systemic and ophthalmic medicines.
FDA-approved products have formulation-specific transplant, inflammatory-disease and ocular indications; this is not general immune optimization.
Modified and nonmodified systemic formulations are not interchangeable; ocular labels and safety differ from systemic use.
Why It's Being Studied
- Transplant immunosuppression
- Inflammatory disease
- Ocular immune biology
Mechanism of Action
Binding cyclophilin inhibits calcineurin-dependent T-cell activation; topical ocular exposure differs from systemic exposure.
Binding cyclophilin inhibits calcineurin-dependent T-cell activation; topical ocular exposure differs from systemic exposure. Modified and nonmodified systemic formulations are not interchangeable; ocular labels and safety differ from systemic use.
From molecular target to clinical evidence
Tap each stage to see what happens.
Background: Clinical Peptide Medicines
Clinical peptide medicines include endocrine treatments, antimicrobial drugs, receptor blockers and targeted diagnostic or cancer agents. They do not share one mechanism or one set of indications.
An approval belongs to a specific medicine and indication. A diagnostic tracer, an antibiotic and a hormone are not interchangeable wellness products; read each profile's own mechanism and prescribing source.
Research Areas & Routes Studied
- Transplant immunosuppression
- Inflammatory disease
- Ocular immune biology
- Oral approved formulations
- Intravenous approved formulation
- Ophthalmic approved formulations
Evidence Summary
Extensive human evidence supports product-specific transplant, inflammatory and ocular indications.
Higher tiers carry more weight. Filled tiers have evidence for Cyclosporine; tap to read it.
- Extensive human evidence supports product-specific transplant, inflammatory and ocular indications.
1 cited sources.
- Prescribing label1
Human clinical evidence
- Extensive human evidence supports product-specific transplant, inflammatory and ocular indications.
Reported Adverse Events in Research
- Systemic risks include kidney toxicity, hypertension, infection, malignancy and major interactions.
Limitations of Current Evidence
- Modified and nonmodified systemic formulations are not interchangeable; ocular labels and safety differ from systemic use.
- Findings apply to the product, route and population studied; they do not establish benefits or safety for unrelated wellness uses or research-vial products.
How to Read This Research
- Is this a single molecule or a family of medicines?
- Is the use diagnostic, therapeutic or investigational?
- Does the quoted outcome match the exact product, formulation and population?
- Use the compound-specific mechanism above; this diagram describes drug development, not a shared biological pathway.
- Historical approval, present availability and off-label use are distinct questions.
- For radiopharmaceuticals and hospital medicines, specialist handling is part of the treatment context.
- Indication
- The condition and population for which a medicine is approved.
- Antagonist
- A compound that blocks activity at a receptor.
- Radiopharmaceutical
- A medicine containing a radioactive isotope for imaging or treatment.
Compare With Other Compounds
| Cyclosporine | Trofinetide | |
|---|---|---|
| Evidence grade | A — Strong Clinical Evidence | B — Moderate Human Evidence |
| Regulatory status | FDA Approved for Specific Indication | FDA Approved for Specific Indication |
| Human data | Yes | Yes |
| Clinical trials | Registered trials exist | Registered trials exist |
| Research routes | Oral approved formulations, Intravenous approved formulation, Ophthalmic approved formulations | Oral approved medicine |
| Cited sources | 1 | 2 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Research References
- Prescribing label
Cyclosporine — prescribing label